Fiber optic splitters, also known as beam splitters, are crucial components in optical communication networks. They are used to split a single optical signal into multiple signals or to combine multiple signals into a single output. This allows for efficient distribution of optical signals to multiple destinations without the need for additional transmitters or receivers.
There are several types of fiber optic splitters, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. The most common types include:
- Fused Biconic Taper (FBT) Splitters:
FBT splitters are one of the most widely used types of fiber optic splitters. They are created by fusing and tapering two or more fibers together to create a splitting region. The splitting ratio is determined by the length and tapering profile of the fibers. FBT splitters are cost-effective and suitable for various applications, including passive optical networks (PON) and local area networks (LAN).
- Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitters:
PLC splitters are fabricated using lithography and etching techniques to create a waveguide circuit on a silica substrate. This allows for precise control of the splitting ratio and excellent uniformity across a wide range of wavelengths. PLC splitters are highly reliable, compact, and suitable for use in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems and fiber to the home (FTTH) networks.
FBT VS PLC
The different distribution of the split ratio is also one of the main differences between the two.The split variability of the FBT splitter is the biggest advantage of this device.The PLC splitter’s split is equally divided, which allows the signal to be evenly distributed to the users. For example, a 1 x 32 PLC splitter can divide the optical signal into 32 equal parts and then transmit it in 32 different channels. Sometimes, due to the inconsistency of the number of users and distance, it is necessary to distribute the optical power of different lines, at this time, it is necessary to use devices with different splitting ratios, then the FBT splitter will be used.
Optical splitter can also be terminated with different kinds of connectors, and its encapsulation is usually box-type or stainless steel tube type two kinds, box ABS optical splitter generally use 2mm or 3mm diameter fiber optic cable, while the stainless steel tube type optical splitter generally use 0.9mm diameter fiber optic cable.
In addition to these primary types, there are also customized and specialty fiber optic splitters designed for specific applications, such as high-power handling, wavelength-specific splitting, and harsh environmental conditions.
When selecting a fiber optic splitter for a particular application, it is essential to consider factors such as splitting ratio, insertion loss, polarization dependence, operating wavelength range, and environmental conditions. By understanding the characteristics of different types of fiber optic splitters, network engineers and designers can make informed decisions to ensure optimal performance and reliability in optical communication systems.